Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics (IJPAP)

Numerical Simulation on Sensitivity Modulation in Nanowire MOSFEB Detector for Biomedical Applications

2025-03-03T14:24:16+0530

The work aims to investigate and evaluate the biodetection capability of a nanowire MOSFEB detector for label-free biomedical applications. The study adopts a numerical computational-cum-simulation methodology to modulate, control and optimize sensitivity through dielectric modulation. Doping, a controllable factor prior to the fabrication process, plays a crucial role in enhancing the sensitivity of similar biosensors, thus making this work valuable. It is evident in the study that lower doping levels in the source and drain result in a greater percentage change in sensing metrics, whereas higher doping levels lead to a more significant relative change in sensing metrics. Additionally, the study comprehensively investigates the effect of drain voltage, material engineering, cavity dimensions/location, temperature, and device parameters on sensitivity. Sensitivity improvements of 18.573%, 13.979%, and 13.459% are achieved through gate, oxide, and channel engineering, respectively in the proposed biosensor. The study also addresses effect of trap charges on device reliability, alongside the calculation of the limit of detection. The results indicate that the silicon source exhibits better reliability and fewer short channel effects compared to other materials. Practical limiting factors have been taken into consideration in terms of non-unity fill-in factor and different filling profiles. The detector has also been compared with its junctionless variant, demonstrating a sensitivity enhancement of 95.716 mV for K_bio=5. The nanowire detector has been benchmarked against reported works in literature in terms of sensitivity.

A Novel Planar Antenna with Mushroom Shaped DGS for WBAN Applications

2025-03-03T11:48:25+0530

In this paper, a compact, low profile planar antenna has been proposed with a mushroom shaped defective ground structure at the back, for WBAN and biomedical applications. This proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on a semi flexible board of RT/duroid 5880 substrate with dimensions 66 × 66 × 1.64 mm³.The proposed QCCR (Quad Corner Cut Ring) antenna is combination of patch and defective ground structure, exhibit impressive impedance bandwidth of 500 MHz (bandwidth percentage 8.7%), spanning from 5.5 to 6 GHz and also shows a substantial gain of 7.25 dBi in free space. The designed antenna resonates at frequency 5.68 GHz and 5.92 GHz for return loss better than -10dB and provides good impedance matching even when placed on body phantom. To achieve the impedance bandwidth within Spectrum range of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), DGS technique was implemented. The radiation efficiency is 98.72% for the designed antenna. Furthermore, the incorporation of the defective ground structure has a significant positive impact on bandwidth enhancement of antenna. A comprehensive simulation analysis and parameter measurement is carried out for different cases, when the antenna is placed in free space, against the body phantom and on bending structure condition. Both simulations and experimental tests confirm the robustness of this defective ground antenna's performance against structural alterations such as bending. The parametric analysis of antenna has been done to achieve the best performance of antenna in all the cases. The purposed antenna SAR value is within range which satisfies the IEEE and FCC standard safety guidelines. The outcomes of these investigations position the proposed planar antenna as a highly promising option for wireless biomedical devices, showcasing its potential to revolutionize the biomedical field applications.

Reversed C-shape Pocket Double Gate TFET with dual-κ Spacers

2025-03-03T16:39:58+0530

The study delves into the evaluation of the Double Gate Tunnel Field-effect Transistors (DGTFET) structures, Reversed C-shape Pocket TFET (RCSP-TFET), and RCSP-TFET with dual-k spacers. The TFET supports current generation through band-to-band tunneling among source/drain and channel regions. By strategically placing the three n+ pockets nearby the source-channel region, the tunneling barrier width is lowered and the current is increased in the ON-state. Subsequent to the calibration of the DGTFET utilizing diverse tunneling models, a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the RCSP-TFET is undertaken. This assessment is executed through the meticulous optimization of the thickness and length of the n+ pocket, thereby ensuring precise and dependable outcomes. Furthermore, the spacer walls comprised of an amalgamation of high-k and low-k dielectrics is intended to augment the performance of the device. This approach seeks to optimize efficacy and improve operational capabilities. The optimized structure reveals a higher ON-state current (I_ON)= 7.0 x 10^-5 (A/µm), the ON-OFF current ratio (I_ON/I_OFF) , Ambipolar Current (I_Amb)= 2.1x 10^-13 (A/µm), reduced subthreshold swing (SS)=11.09 mV/decade) in the RCSP-TFET structure with dual-k spacers. The results imply the potential feasibility of the RCSP-TFET with dual-k spacers as a compelling choice for next-generation semiconductor technology.

Underwater Acoustic Communication Modems: Recent Trends in Technology

2025-03-04T11:16:08+0530

Underwater communication is critical for various applications e.g. oceanographic research, underwater biological monitoring, military operations, seismic survey and offshore oil and gas exploration. Over the past few years, there have been significant advancements in underwater communication modems, enhancing their reliability, range, data rate, and adaptability to the challenging underwater environments. This article provides a technical overview of these recent developments and serves as a valuable reference for researchers in the field. The paper is focused on previous research and surveys in the field of designing underwater modems according to modulation techniques and signal processing methods. It reviews the state-of-the-art underwater acoustic (UWA) communication modems into two categories, namely Software-defined UWA modems and Digital-signal-processor-based UWA modems. The advanced networking techniques associated with underwater modems are being implemented for high-end applications. Underwater signal transmission is integrated by machine learning with highly developed signal-processing techniques nowadays. The study discusses various modem designs, including those for a small autonomous unmanned vehicle (AUV), hybrid optical-acoustic modem, a reconfigurable/flexible UWA modem, and a real-time UWA modem. Additionally, the challenges faced by the researchers from academia as well as from industry in designing the UWA communication modem are also highlighted.

Operation of Dual MPPT Enabled Hybrid Microgrid under Variable Irradiation Conditions and its Positive Impact on Stability of AC Conventional Grid

2025-03-04T12:12:38+0530

The growing population, technological advancements, and heightened economic activities drive a greater demand for energy within the AC conventional grid. However, this energy demand can be met by utilizing renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and biomass. These alternative energy sources generate electricity influenced by varying input factors, such as solar irradiation and temperature for photovoltaic systems, as well as wind speed and pitch angle for wind turbines. Among these factors, solar irradiance is the most unpredictable, affected by numerous environmental influences such as air pollution, cloud cover, and changing weather patterns. As a result, photovoltaic arrays have a significant impact on energy production, thereby affecting the stability of the traditional AC grid as it seeks to meet the increasing power demand. This paper proposes a solution to enhance the stability of the AC conventional grid through a novel hybrid microgrid that integrates dual MPPT-enabled photovoltaic and wind turbine generators, particularly during peak load conditions.

Monitoring of Absorbed Dose Rate in Air due to Gamma Radiation

2025-03-04T16:31:51+0530

The research study the levels of gamma absorbed dose in the outdoor air of Shahdol. Study was conducted utilizing a PRM 121S gamma survey meter (Model Number) in 50 different area close to coal mines. The worldwide average of 59 nGy/h is comparatively less than measured outdoor gamma absorbed dose rate of 65.076 nGy/h. It range from 43.5 to 95.7 nGy/h. In the area being studied region, the average yearly effective dose is 0.798 mSv/y, which is less than the worldwide mean of 1 mSv/y. The annual effective dose varies between 0.533 and 1.173 mSv/y.