CSRR based microstrip patch antenna sensor for the analysis of water and milk quality

Abstract

This research proposes a compact CSRR-based rectangular microstrip patch antenna sensor for sensing and identifying water and milk quality. The proposed sensor has been engineered to detect water quality and adulterate milk with water, caustic soda, sodium carbonate, ammonium sulphate, and urea with high accuracy and sensitivity. This novel work uses the same antenna sensor for water and milk adulteration, and can also be used for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The proposed sensor is compact, simple to operate, affordable, highly sensitive, reliable, and can also be used to evaluate liquid quality. The design of the sensor has been built on a FR4 substrate with dimensions of 35 mm X 43 mm X 1.6 mm. The suggested sensor has been fabricated and validated experimentally to function at a frequency of 2.4 GHz, which matches the simulated results produced by HFSS extremely well. The antenna sensor has a good radiation pattern with 2.5 dBi gain and a quality factor (Q) of 60.25. The proposed antenna sensor is very valuable in liquid quality analysis and wireless communication.